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The Kurd tuning is considered the natural minor version of Handpan tunings. Its harmonious arrangement of notes makes it particularly well-suited for beginners. This tuning allows for a wide range of expression, from calm and meditative to melancholic, and even powerful and joyful. When based on C#, the Kurd tuning is also referred to as Annaziska, sharing the same intervals as other Kurd tunings based on D, E, or A.

While this scale can evoke sentimental feelings, it also has the potential to create uplifting melodies. For instance, a major triad can be formed on both the second and third tones. Keep in mind that playing the second and third tones together can create tension, which can be intentionally used to add depth to your performance, enhancing the eventual release of tension.

This tuning is one of the first seven-note scales developed for Handpans and gained popularity through viral videos on the internet.

Origin and Development of the Kurd Handpan Tuning
Kurd takes its name from the Arabic/Turkish Maqam Kurd, and the arrangement of notes mirrors that of the Maqam when the tonal center is based on the first note in the circle. This creates the full Phrygian mode, which is defined by a semitone step from the root to the second note, contributing to the scale’s mysterious sound.

However, there is an ambiguity since the DING is a fifth below the first note, creating a second tonal center and allowing for a shift to the Aeolian (natural minor) mode. Depending on how you play, you can switch between natural minor and Phrygian sound characteristics.

Kurd, like other minor variations (e.g., Celtic Minor/Integral), features a leap of a perfect fifth from the DING to the first note. From this fifth, you can access all the steps of a natural minor scale (Aeolian). What makes Kurd unique is the semitone step between the first and second tones, which is also present in the Maqam Kurd and the Phrygian mode. The Phrygian mode is commonly used in jazz, psychedelic rock, flamenco, fado, and classical music.

Note: A Kurd tuning with a root of C# is often nicknamed "Annaziska."

Compatible Handpan Tunings for Annaziska (C# Kurd):
Suitable for collaborative, improvisational playing:

• E Sabye (parallel key)
• E Major (parallel key)
• C# Celtic Minor / Amara
• F# Celtic Minor / Amara
• C# Aeolian
• A Aegean
• C# Equinox
• C# Magic Voyage
• C# Integral
• C# Pygmy

Also good for collaborative composition:

• G# or Ab Celtic Minor / Amara
• G# or Ab Hijaz
• B Kurd
• B Celtic Minor / Amara
• E Ragadesh